From 78e87d2b247ed4f3b02a9909757ff2a48f66acb6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ychampion <68075205+ychampion@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 14 Nov 2026 05:43:24 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] Only honor second-line encoding comments after blank or
 comment lines

---
 babel/util.py                         | 19 ++++----------
 tests/messages/test_extract_python.py | 26 ++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_util.py                    | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/babel/util.py b/babel/util.py
index a2bf728cc..f3c873d9a 100644
--- a/babel/util.py
+++ b/babel/util.py
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ def distinct(iterable: Iterable[_T]) -> Generator[_T, None, None]:
     rb'[ \t\f]* \# .* coding[=:][ \t]*([-\w.]+)',
     flags=re.VERBOSE,
 )
+# Only blank or comment first lines allow a second-line encoding declaration
+_PYTHON_BLANK_OR_COMMENT_re = re.compile(rb'[ \t\f]*(?:[#\r\n]|$)')
 
 
 def parse_encoding(fp: IO[bytes]) -> str | None:
@@ -73,20 +75,9 @@ def parse_encoding(fp: IO[bytes]) -> str | None:
             line1 = line1[len(codecs.BOM_UTF8) :]
 
         m = PYTHON_MAGIC_COMMENT_re.match(line1)
-        if not m:
-            try:
-                import ast
-
-                ast.parse(line1.decode('latin-1'))
-            except (ImportError, SyntaxError, UnicodeEncodeError):
-                # Either it's a real syntax error, in which case the source is
-                # not valid python source, or line2 is a continuation of line1,
-                # in which case we don't want to scan line2 for a magic
-                # comment.
-                pass
-            else:
-                line2 = fp.readline()
-                m = PYTHON_MAGIC_COMMENT_re.match(line2)
+        if not m and _PYTHON_BLANK_OR_COMMENT_re.match(line1):
+            line2 = fp.readline()
+            m = PYTHON_MAGIC_COMMENT_re.match(line2)
 
         if has_bom:
             if m:
diff --git a/tests/messages/test_extract_python.py b/tests/messages/test_extract_python.py
index be1cf970f..2d0d50fd1 100644
--- a/tests/messages/test_extract_python.py
+++ b/tests/messages/test_extract_python.py
@@ -447,6 +447,32 @@ def test_utf8_bom_with_latin_magic_comment_fails():
         list(extract.extract_python(buf, ('_',), ['NOTE:'], {}))
 
 
+def test_second_line_coding_after_code_ignored():
+    for first_line in ('x = 1', '"""module docstring"""', ';'):
+        buf = BytesIO(
+            f'{first_line}\n# coding: latin-1\nmsg = _("café")\n'.encode(),
+        )
+        messages = list(extract.extract_python(buf, ('_',), [], {}))
+        assert [m[2] for m in messages] == ['café']
+
+
+def test_second_line_coding_after_comment_or_blank_honored():
+    for prefix in ('', '#!/usr/bin/env python3', '  # comment'):
+        buf = BytesIO(
+            f'{prefix}\n# coding: latin-1\nmsg = _("café")\n'.encode('latin-1'),
+        )
+        messages = list(extract.extract_python(buf, ('_',), [], {}))
+        assert [m[2] for m in messages] == ['café']
+
+
+def test_utf8_bom_with_second_line_coding_after_code():
+    buf = BytesIO(
+        codecs.BOM_UTF8 + 'x = 1\n# coding: latin-1\nmsg = _("café")\n'.encode(),
+    )
+    messages = list(extract.extract_python(buf, ('_',), [], {}))
+    assert [m[2] for m in messages] == ['café']
+
+
 def test_utf8_raw_strings_match_unicode_strings():
     buf = BytesIO(codecs.BOM_UTF8 + """
 msg = _('Bonjour à tous')
diff --git a/tests/test_util.py b/tests/test_util.py
index f51626e25..e6561c432 100644
--- a/tests/test_util.py
+++ b/tests/test_util.py
@@ -73,6 +73,44 @@ def test_parse_encoding_non_ascii():
     assert parse_encoding('K\xf6ln') is None
 
 
+def test_parse_encoding_second_line_allowed():
+    for prefix in (
+        '\n',
+        '\r\n',
+        '  \t\f\n',
+        '#!/usr/bin/env python3\n',
+        '  # comment\n',
+    ):
+        assert parse_encoding(f'{prefix}# coding: latin-1\n') == 'latin-1'
+
+    assert util.parse_encoding(BytesIO(b'# K\xf6ln\n# coding: latin-1\n')) == 'latin-1'
+
+
+def test_parse_encoding_second_line_ignored_after_code():
+    for first_line in (
+        'x = 1\n',
+        '"""docstring"""\n',
+        ';\n',
+        'pass\n',
+        '\\\n',
+        '\x0b\n',
+        '  x = 1  # trailing comment\n',
+    ):
+        assert parse_encoding(f'{first_line}# coding: latin-1\n') is None
+
+
+def test_parse_encoding_bom_with_code_ignores_second_line_coding():
+    buf = BytesIO('x = 1\n# coding: latin-1\n'.encode('utf-8-sig'))
+    assert util.parse_encoding(buf) == 'utf-8'
+
+
+def test_parse_encoding_preserves_stream_position():
+    buf = BytesIO(b'x = 1\n# coding: latin-1\n')
+    buf.seek(5)
+    assert util.parse_encoding(buf) is None
+    assert buf.tell() == 5
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(('source', 'result'), [
     ('''
 from __future__ import print_function,